5/7/2023 0 Comments Down in bermuda lava islandThey were looking at the chemical composition of a 2,600-foot core sample-by understanding its makeup they could build a picture of Bermuda's volcanic history. The researchers were analyzing a now dormant volcano beneath the Atlantic Ocean that was responsible for the formation of Bermuda. Their findings are published in the journal Nature. The team believes there was a disturbance in the transition zone that forced the material in this layer to melt and move up towards the surface. Now, researchers have found volcanoes can also form when material moves up from the transition zone. They can also form at "hotspots," where mantle plumes rise up and melt a hole in the plate-Hawaii is an example of this. Volcanoes normally form when the tectonic plates are pushed together or pulled apart, producing a crack in Earth's surface where magma can escape. It extends between 250 and 400 miles beneath the surface of the planet and is rich in water, crystals and melted rock. The transition zone is the region between the upper and lower mantle. The volcano appears to have been created by material rising up from a region deep beneath Earth's surface-the transition zone. You can experiment fairly safely with things like rubbing alcohol and mineral oil or lamp oil.A volcano beneath Bermuda formed in a way that has never been seen before, scientists have discovered. Lava lamps powered by heat are trickier to make and can use more hazardous materials. The water / gas combo is less dense than the oil, so they rise to the top of the flask.Īt the top, the gas bubbles pop and escape into the air, allowing the dense water to sink back to the bottom again. The Alka-seltzer reacts with the water to produce carbon dioxide gas bubbles. Instead of using a light, in our homemade lava lamp, we used Alka-seltzer to assist in moving the molecules of the liquids the lamp. As it gets farther from the light, it cools down, becoming denser again until it sinks then the cycle starts all over. The denser liquid sinks to the bottom, but the lava lamp light heats it up until it expands and becomes less dense, causing it to rise upward. In a real one, however, the densities of the liquids are much closer together than vegetable oil and water. Real lava lamps use a polar and non-polar liquid just like our homemade one did. This is why oil and water don't mix! What Happened: Oil molecules, however, are non-polar- they don't have a positive or negative charge, so they are not attracted to the water molecules at all. Just like in a magnet, where north poles are attracted to south poles ("opposites attract"), the positive end of the water molecule will connect with the negative end of other molecules. The other end, with the oxygen, is negatively charged. The end of the molecule with the two hydrogen atoms is positively charged. Water molecules are "polar" because they have a lopsided electrical charge that attracts other atoms. Polarity is the quality of having two oppositely charged poles. Density is affected by temperature-the hotter a liquid is, the less dense it will be. This is because water molecules are packed more tightly a cup of water actually has more mass than a cup of oil.īecause water is more dense than oil, it will sink to the bottom when the two are put in the same container. If you measure an equal volume of oil and water, you'll find that the water is heavier than the same amount of oil. (The scientific equation is density = mass/volume.) Concept 1: Densityĭensity is the measurement of how compact a substance is - how much of it fits in a certain amount of space. A lava lamp works because of two different scientific principles: density, and polarity.
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